Category: Անգլերեն

Անուն ազգանուն էլ. հասցե 

Էրիկ Գևորգյան erikgevorgyan.mskh.am

*Դասարան, դպրոցի անուն 

2.2 կուրս, Քոլեջ

*Քաղաք, գյուղ, երկիր 

Երևան

*Հեռավա՞ր ես սովորում, թե՞ առկա *

Առկա

հեռավար

I. 1. What effect does summer have on your… a) mood, b) attitude, c) health, d) motivation, e) weight, f) relationships with those around you?

a) Summer has a positive effect on my mood.
b) Attitudes change for the better.
c) We do more sports and it helps health.
d) We have more time for motivation.
e) We have both weight loss and weight gain.
f) We have more time to spend with those around us.

2. Summer vacations are ahead. Would you take on new experience this year, such as getting a summer job or volunteering? What activities could help you earn money and learn valuable life skills this summer?

This summer I can spend more time on self-education, learn new things.

II. Here are some of the most popular and widely used internet abbreviations in 2021. Somehow these catchy shorthand words have grown into the whole new language used by millennials and Gen Zers (Generation Z).Please, give the full forms of these abbreviations:

LOL

Laughing Out Loud

ASAP

As Soon As Possible

IMO

International Maritime Organization

IDC

Interactive Data Corporation

5. WYWH

Wish You Were Here

6. ZZZ

Zavod za Zdravstvena

7. TBH

To Be Honest

8. J4F

“Just For Fun”

9. NAGI

“Not A Good Idea”

10. PTB

Option 1

Option 1

Առաջադրանքը կազմեց Սիլվա Հարությունյանը

Option 1

Անուն ազգանուն, էլ. հասցե 

Erik Gevorgyan erikgevorgyan@mskh.am

*Դասարան, դպրոցի անուն 

2.2 , college

*Քաղաք, գյուղ, երկիր 

City

*Հեռավա՞ր ես սովորում, թե՞ առկա: 

*առկա

հեռավար

I. After the verb “wish” the Simple Past Tense is often used with a present or future meaning. It is translated into Armenian with the word “երանի” E.g. I wish I had a car ( = it would be nice if I had a car, I don’t have a car) Երանի ես ավտոմեքենա ունենայի: After the verb ‘’wish’’ the Past Perfect tense is used for wishes about the past.E.g. I wish you hadn’t said that (= it would be nice if you hadn’t said that, he said that) Երանի դա ասած չլինեիր: After the verb “ wish’ would is used, which expresses regret or annoyance that something will not happen. E.g. I wish you would stop smoking ( = why won’t you stop smoking?, I have a critical request) Երանի թողնեիր ծխելը: Choose the correct answer.

Option 1

1. I wish I ……… French ( spoke, would speak, had spoken)

spoke

2. I wish it ………. raining ( stopped, would stop, had stopped)

had stopped

3. I stayed late at work yesterday and I wish I ……… at work late ( didn’t stay, wouldn’t stay, hadn’t stayed)

hadn’t stayed

4. I wish I ……….. so many mistakes. ( hadn’t made, wouldn’t make, didn’t make)

didn’t make

5. I don’t have new shoes, I wish that I …….. new shoes ( had, would have, had had)

would have

6. I wish my boss ……….. always ……. Meeting during my lunch time ( didn’t arrange, wouldn’t arrange, hadn’t arranged)

didn’t arrange

7. I wish I ………. hard at school ( had worked, worked, would work)

worked

8. I wish I ………. a musical instrument when I was younger. ( learned, had learned, would learn)

learned

9. I wish people ………… away pens when they don’t work any more! ( had thrown, would throw, threw)

would throw

10. I wish I ……… to London one day. ( went, had gone, would go)

went

II. Three answers are correct. Write the wrong answer.

1. I got the vegetables from the ………… ( supermarket, baker’s, market, fruit and vegetable shop)

fruit and vegetable shop

2. I got the bread from the ………….. ( hypermarket, baker’s, deli, butcher’s)

baker’s

3. I got these jeans from a …… ( market, paper shop, department store, clothes shop)

clothes shop

4. I got the shampoo from the ………. ( deli, chemist’s, supermarket, department store)

department store

5. I got these CDs from the ……….. (baker’s, newsagent’s, department store, music shop)

music shop

III. Answer these questions

Option 1

1. Do you think cellphones including voice and text messaging should be banned in classrooms? Why or why not?

In my opinion, cell phones should not be banned in the clasroom, but mesasages can be banned because they distract us from lessons.

2. Can you think of any other locations where cellphones should be banned? Why?

Cell phones can be banned during meetings.

3. In what situations might the video-taping capabilities of cellphones be unwelcome?

Very often the video recording is passable during business meetings.

Option 1

Առաջադրանքը կազմել է Հերմինե Գևորգյանը

Option 1

38.1 What do you say in these situations?

1. b is correct
2. a is correct
3. a is correct
4. b is correct
5. b is correct
6. a is correct
7. b is correct

38.2 Put the verb into correct form.

1. pointed
2. both
3. asked
4. lose
5. bad
6. start
7. gave, would have

38.3 Write sentences beginning if … .

1. If we caught the 10.30 train, we’d arrive too early.
2. If he had prepared for the driving test, it would not have failed.
3. If we decided to say hotel, it is vey expensive.
4. Sally is not going to leave her job for another job.
5. We decided not to join Ben at the party but I have to invite, we are also friends.
6. I’m not going to tell him what happened, he does not believe me.

38.4 Use your own ideas to complete these sentences.

1. I’d buy a house.
2. he was not afraid of heights.
3. Learn all the rules.
4. from his behavior.
5. he will take that step.

defend-attack

departure-arrival

die-live, to be born

difficult-easy

dirty-clear

distant-near

divorce-marry

ending-beginning

enemy-realitive, friend

love-hate

entrance-exit

everybody-nobody, anybody

exactly-approximately

excited-calm

export-import

failure-succes

false-true

final-first

finish-start

first-last, final

fix-break

handsome-ugily

heaven-hell

includs-exculd

increase-decrease

junior-senjor

kind-crucl

Tidying up can improve both self-esteem and motivation. You will also find it easier to stay on top of things if your workspace is tidy, and you keep your systems up to date.

Top Tip for Tidying:

Create three piles of your stuff: Keep, Give Away, and Throw Away.

• Keep, if you need to keep it for your records, or do something with it. If it needs action, add it to your task list.
• Give away, if you don’t want it, but someone else might be able to use it, and/or it is work that can and should be delegated.
• Throw away (or recycle) for things that have no value to you or anyone else.

Use A ‘To Do’ List

Whether electronic or paper, lists are a good way to remember what you’ve got to do, and to see at a glance what you’ve forgotten.

Consider highlighting the most important items in some way, and remember to take things off your list when they are complete and/or no longer need doing.

If a task is genuinely urgent and important, get on with it.

Arm wrestling (or armwrestling), also known as “armfighting” is a sport involving two participants. Each places one arm on a surface with their elbows bent and touching the surface, and they grip each other’s hand. The goal is to pin the other’s arm onto the surface, the winner’s arm over the loser’s arm. In the early years different names were interchangeably used to describe the same sport: “arm turning”, “arm twisting”, “arm wrestling”, “Indian arm wrestling”, “twisting wrists”, “wrist turning”, “wrist wrestling”.Organized armwrestling tournaments started being held in the 1950s.

Description

Various factors can play a part in one’s success in arm wrestling. Technique and overall arm strength are the two greatest contributing factors to winning an arm wrestling match. Other factors such as the length of an arm wrestler’s arm, muscle and arm mass/density, hand grip size, wrist endurance and flexibility, reaction time, as well as countless other traits, can add to the advantages of one arm wrestler over another. It’s sometimes used to prove who is the stronger person between two or more people. In competitive arm wrestling, as sanctioned by the United States Armwrestling Federation (USAF), arm wrestling is performed with both competitors standing up with their arms placed on a tournament arm wrestling table. Arm wrestling tournaments are also divided into weight classes as well as left and right-handed divisions. Furthermore, strict rules such as fouls given to penalties (such as the competitor’s elbow leaving a matted area where the elbow is meant to remain at all times, or a false start), and trying to escape a possible arm pin by breaking the grip with the opponent may result in a loss at the table. Paraphrasing USAF rules, arm wrestlers must straighten their wrists without a time lapse of one minute during competition.

The World Armwrestling Federation (WAF) was the universally recognized global governing body of professional arm wrestling and comprises 80 member countries. However, due to the labeling of referees and competitors that were associated with PAL/URPA with the status of “Not in good standing” thus being suspended from WAF, many countries are jumping ship.

The International Federation of Armwrestling (IFA) is a democratic non-profit sport organization registered in Zurich, Switzerland and is recognized by TAFISA, the Association for International Sport for All.

Competitive styles

John Brzenk was known mostly for his array of techniques which change almost every time he engaged in competition, even with the same opponent within the same match. As of summer 2008, John Brzenk was ranked #1 in North America. Ron Bath is known for his use of the Top Roll technique which emphasizes a ‘roll’ of the wrist as he brings the opponent’s wrist down. Devon Larratt is very well known for his endurance and tenacity. He uses a wide array of techniques during his matches, one of them being holding the first “hit” of his opponents and draining them out, and then counterattacking afterwards. He was the 2017 WAL (World Armwrestling League) Heavyweight champion left and right handed. Travis Bagent, like Brzenk, was known for his wide array of techniques, coupled with his massive strength and explosive style. Many of Bagent’s matches have ended in seconds. Bagent was considered the best left-handed arm wrestler in the world and ranked second overall in North America, as of summer of 2008.

Other competitors such as Matt Girdner, Michael Selearis, Sean Madera, Marcio Barboza, Christian Binnie, and Anthony Macaluso are known for their reliance on strength, coupled with the hook technique, where the wrist turns into a hooked grip after the referee has started the match.”The hook” or “hooking” is any move derived from the inside system of arm wrestling. The second generic system or style of arm wrestling is known as outside arm wrestling “the top roll” or “top rolling”, while the “triceps press”, “shoulder pressing”, or “shoulder rolling” is often described as the third generic system or style of arm wrestling. Certain arm wrestlers depend on the straps, such as Jason Vale, who won the 1997 Petaluma World Championships in the super heavy weight class at only 175 pounds using the strap technique.

Many arm wrestlers will have a signature style or favorite technique, while others have enjoyed success by becoming extremely well rounded. Within each of the three broad technical systems of arm wrestling there are numerous clearly identifiable techniques which have been developed and enhanced over time. Great Britain’s most successful arm wrestler and former two time European and World Middleweight Champion Neil Pickup is one of today’s leading arm wrestlers, widely recognized as having originated and developed techniques to suit the genetic make up of individual arm wrestlers. Neil Pickup has enjoyed an amateur and professional career spanning more than 20 years, during which time he has won more than 60 International titles across five different weight classes on both his right and left arms. He has also trained numerous world champions, both male and female. This success has been largely attributed to his technical prowess, experience, and understanding of the athlete’s whole body as a lever. He now also hosts a podcast for the WAL.

Hey my name is Erik. I’m 16 years old.I graduated from Verin Getashen N1 secondary school in the village of Gegharkunik region, from there I was transferred to “College of Mkhitar Sebastatsi Educational Complex”.I’m future web designer.I went to arm wrestling for 3-4 years, folk dance for 2 years, basketball for 1 year. Even now I continue to do sports.And of course i love music .

Single-gender education creates a spirited dialogue about how the classroom structure should be in the modern school. If you walk into the average class today in the United States, you’ll find about an equal number of boys and girls at each grade level. Instead of integrating them, the National Education Association notes that some experts believe that there should be separation between them instead.

Professors David and Myra Sadker from American University published research in 1993 that discovered striking levels of unfairness toward each gender in the public school system. Over three years of research found out that boys called out eight times more often than girls did when answering questions, but then didn’t receive the same reminders to raise their hands – often being praised for their contributions.

The Sadkers discovered that the teachers in Washington, D.C., Virginia, Maryland, Massachusetts, and Connecticut valued the comments from boys more than they did from girls. This issue even translated into the encouragement for the gentlemen to solve problems by themselves while helping the ladies who got stuck. Their paper was published in 1993.

The advantages and disadvantages of single gender classrooms do more than negate the patterns of male dominance that might exist in the educational system. It can also help boys and girls find a more successful path to their eventual adult life and career.

List of the Advantages of Single-gender Classrooms

1. It levels the playing field for girls in the public school system.
Data gathered from the U.S. Census Bureau and NCES shows that 54% of students in the average classroom are boys. If you take grades 1-12 by themselves, that figure is still 51% to 49% for the girls. That means there are more opportunities for boys to take over the learning experience since they are in the majority. Their contributions are usually rewarded because teachers believe that action encourages their participation.

When Jefferson Leadership Academies created entirely single-gender classes in 1999, girls did immediately better in science and math.

2. Having a classroom with both genders can create distractions.
Although the distractions of a mixed-gender classroom usually begin in the upper grade levels, there can be issues in grades 1-4 in the United States as well. Children can talk about the “crushes” they have on each other, test out the idea of a “relationship,” and focus more on the social elements found in the classroom instead of their educational processes.

28.1 Put in must or can’t.

1. You’ve been travelling all day. You must be tired.
2. That restaurant must be very good. It’s always full of people.
3. That restaurant can’t be very good. It’s always empty.
4. I’m sure I gave you the key. You must have it. Have you looked in your bag?
5. I often see that woman walking along this street. She must live near here.
6. It rained every day during their holiday, so they can’t have had a very nice time.
7. Congratulations on passing your exam. You must be very pleased.
8. You got here very quickly. You must have walked very fast.
9. Bill and Sue always stay at luxury hotels, so they can’t be short of money.

28.2 Complete each sentence with a verb (one or two words).

1. I’ve lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.
2. Their house is very near the motorway. It must be very noisy.
3. Sarah knows a lot about films. She must go to the cinema a lot.
4. I left my bike outside the house last night and now it’s gone. Somebody must have stolen it.
5. ‘How old is Ted?’ “He’s older than me. He must be at least 40.
6. I didn’t hear the phone ring. I must have been asleep.
7. A: You’re going on holiday soon. You must be looking forward to it. B: Yes, it will be really good to get away.
8. The police have closed the road, so we have to go a different way. There must have been an accident.
9. I’m sure you know this song. You must have heard it before.
10. There is a man walking behind us. He has been walking behind us for the last 20 minutes. He must be pursuing us.

28.3 Read the situations and use the words in brackets to write sentences with must have and can’t have.

1. We went to their house and rang the doorbell, but nobody answered. (they / go out) They must have gone out.
2. Sarah hasn’t contacted me. (she / get / my message) She can’t have got my message.
3. The jacket you bought is very good quality. (it / very expensive) It must have been very expensive.
4. I haven’t seen our neighbours for ages. (they / go away) They must have gone away.
5. I can’t find my umbrella. (I / leave / it in the restaurant last night) I must have left it in the restaurant last night.
6. Amy was in a very difficult situation when she lost her job. (it / ey for her) It can’t have been easy for her.
7. There was a man standing outside the cafe. (he / wait / for someboyd) He must have been waiting for somebody.
8. Rachel did the opposite of what I asked her to do. (she / understand / what I said) He can’t have understood what I said.
9. When I got back to my car, the door unloked. (I / forget / to look it) I must have forgotten to lock it.
10. I was woken up in the night by the noise next door. (my neighbours / have / a party) The neighbours must have been having a party.
11. The light was red, but the car didn’t stop. (the driver / see / the red light) The driver can’t have seen the red light.

15.1 Read the situations and write sentences from the words in brackents.

1. You went to Su’es house, but she wasn’t there. She had gone out.
2. You went back to your home town after many years. It wasn’t the same as before. It had changed a lot.
3. I invited Rachel to the party, but the chouldn’t come. She had arranged to do something else.
4. You went to the cinema last night. You got to the cinema late. The film had already started.
5. It was nice to see Daniel again after such a long time. I hadn’t seen him for five years.
6. I offered Sue something to eat, but she wasn’t hungry. She had just had breakfast.

15.2 For each situation, write a sentence ending with never … befor. Use the verb in brackets.

1. The man sitting next to you on the plan was very nervous. It was his first flight. He’d never flown before.
2. Somebody sang a song. I didn’t know it. I had never heard before.
3. Sam played tennis yesterday. He wasn’t very good at it because it was his first game. He’d never played tenis before.
4. Last year we went to Mexico. It was our first time there. We’d never been there before.

15.3 Use the sentences on the left to complete the paragraps on the right. These sentences are in the order in witch they happened — so (a) happened before (b), (b) before (c) etc. But your paragraph begins with the underlined sentence, so sometimes you need the past perfect.

1. (a) Somebody broke into the office during the night. (b) We arrived at work in the morning. (c) We called the police. } We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night. So we called the police.
2. (a) Laura went out this morning. (b) I rang her doorbell. (c) There was no answer. } I wan’t to Laura house this morning and rang doorbell, but there was no answer. She had gone out.
3. (a) Jim came back from holiday few days ago. (b) I met him the same day. (c) He looked very well. } I met Jim a few days ago. He’d just come from holiday. He looked very well.
4. (a) Kevin sent Sally lots of emails. (b) She never replied to them. (c) Yesterday he got a phone call from her. (d) He was very surprised. } Yesterday Kevin had got a phone call from Sally. He was very surpised. He sent Sally lots of emails, but she had never repiled to them.

15.4 Put the verb into the correct form, past perfect (I had gone) or past simple (I did).

1. ‘Was Paul at the party when you arrived?’ No. he had gone home.’
2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I went straight tobed.
3. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody had gone to bed.
4. Sorry I’m late. The car had broken down on my way here.
5. We were driving along the road when we saw a car which had broken down, so we stopped to help.